Longevity Trial Tracker
Registered human trials that could change a grade on EBL. A registered trial is a plan, not a result: none of these moves a letter until it reports and the report is reviewed.
Each entry gives the record it belongs to and its current letter, what the trial measures, when results are expected, where the registry says it stands, and the record's own statement of what a positive result would and would not change.
44 trials · registries read October 2026 · 2 past the month the primary outcome was due
Longevity drugs (9)
PREVENTABLE: phase 4, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled; atorvastatin 40 mg a day in about 20,000 adults aged 75 and over without cardiovascular disease or dementia; Duke University, with National Institute on Aging and NHLBI funding.
Measuring: survival free of new dementia and of persistent disability (primary). Results expected: December 2026.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: The largest placebo-controlled statin trial in people aged 75 and over, on dementia and disability. STAREE, the trial behind this D, found no difference in disability-free survival. A positive PREVENTABLE result would make the evidence mixed, which the definitions place at C; a null result would add a second trial to the D.
The current letter rests on: PMID 42670961
MAP: phase 2/3, randomized, quadruple-blind, placebo-controlled; extended-release metformin up to 2,000 mg a day in 326 adults aged 55 to 90 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, without diabetes; Columbia University, with National Institute on Aging funding.
Measuring: memory on the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (primary). Results expected: April 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Running, recruitment closed. The primary outcome was due April 2026 and no results are posted yet.
What a result would change: A memory outcome, a use this record does not grade; the D here is about metformin blunting the gains from exercise. A positive result would be one trial on memory, which under the single-trial rule supports C for that use and would not change the exercise finding.
The current letter rests on: PMID 31557380 PMID 30548390 PMID 33071237
SURMOUNT-MMO: phase 3, randomized, double-blind Neither the participants nor the people assessing them know who received the real treatment until the trial ends., placebo-controlled; tirzepatide in 15,374 adults aged 40 and over with a BMI of 27 or more, without diabetes, who have established cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors; Eli Lilly and Company, sponsor.
Measuring: time to death, heart attack, stroke, coronary revascularization or heart failure events (primary). Results expected: October 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Running, recruitment closed.
What a result would change: A large placebo-controlled trial of tirzepatide on clinical events, sponsored by Eli Lilly and Company. A positive primary result would support C for heart events under the single-trial rule. It also prespecifies time to onset of type 2 diabetes as a secondary outcome in adults without diabetes, so a reported result there could count as a second trial on diabetes onset for the use graded here, although its population is not limited to the adults with prediabetes the evidence this record needs specifies.
The current letter rests on: PMID 39536238 PMID 41406444 PMID 38912654
Phase 1, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled; sirolimus (rapamycin) in 225 adults aged 45 to 65 who carry the APOE4 gene variant and have no memory problems; University of Missouri.
Measuring: change in blood flow to the brain measured by MRI (primary). Results expected: December 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: Brain blood flow is a marker, not a clinical outcome, in a phase 1 trial. A positive result would not lift the D on visceral fat and physical function, and on its own would support no letter above C for any brain claim.
The current letter rests on: PMID 40188830 PMID 41985884 PMID 41524558
NIBBLE: phase 1/2, randomized, quadruple-blind, placebo-controlled; about 8 weeks of rapamycin 1 mg a day, or a fasting-mimicking diet, in 60 adults aged 45 to 65; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.
Measuring: safety of low-dose rapamycin and of the fasting-mimicking diet against a matched control (primary). Results expected: March 2028.
Registry status, October 2026: Not yet recruiting.
What a result would change: A small safety trial. Its results would inform the record's safety section and would not move the letter.
The current letter rests on: PMID 40188830 PMID 41985884 PMID 41524558
MET-FINGER: phase 2, randomized, quadruple-blind; a structured lifestyle program against self-guided advice in 600 adults aged 60 to 79 at raised risk of dementia, with metformin or placebo An inactive substitute made to look like the real treatment, so participants cannot tell which one they received. given within the structured program to those with raised weight or blood glucose; Imperial College London with partners in Finland and Sweden.
Measuring: change in a cognitive test composite (primary). Results expected: June 2028.
Registry status, October 2026: Running, recruitment closed.
What a result would change: Metformin is tested on top of a lifestyle program that includes exercise, the setting in which this record found harm. A cognition result would be graded as a separate use; a finding that metformin again reduced the program's benefit would add to the D.
The current letter rests on: PMID 31557380 PMID 30548390 PMID 33071237
TRIUMPH-OUTCOMES: phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, event-driven; retatrutide in about 10,000 adults aged 45 and over with obesity and cardiovascular or kidney disease; Eli Lilly, the maker.
Measuring: time to major heart events, and to major kidney events (primary). Results expected: February 2029.
Registry status, October 2026: Running, recruitment closed.
What a result would change: The first trial of retatrutide powered for clinical events. A positive result would support C for those events under the single-trial rule; it would not change the weight use.
The current letter rests on: PMID 37366315 PMID 37385280 PMID 42250575
MILI: phase 2, randomized, open-label Everyone in the trial knows which treatment they are receiving, so expectations can shape the results, especially for symptoms people report themselves.; daily metformin plus yearly whole-body MRI surveillance, against surveillance alone, in 224 adults with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, an inherited high cancer risk; University of Oxford, funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research, the George Pantziarka TP53 Trust and Cancer Research UK.
Measuring: cancer-free survival over 5 years (primary). Results expected: December 2030.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: A clinical outcome, new cancer or death, but in a rare inherited syndrome. A positive result would not carry over to healthy aging adults and would not move this D.
The current letter rests on: PMID 31557380 PMID 30548390 PMID 33071237
COLO-PREVENT main trial: phase 3, randomized, open-label; aspirin plus metformin against aspirin alone for 3 years in people with high-risk findings in the national bowel cancer screening program in the United Kingdom; funded by Cancer Research UK.
Measuring: number of bowel polyps at the 3-year colonoscopy (primary). Results expected: May 2031.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: Bowel polyps in a high-risk screening group, not the heart disease, cancer, dementia or death composite this record asks for. A positive result would support a cancer-prevention use in that group, not the longevity use graded D.
The current letter rests on: PMID 31557380 PMID 30548390 PMID 33071237
Supplements (18)
ABLE: phase 2, randomized, quadruple-blind, placebo-controlled; 1 g/day calcium AKG for 6 months in 120 adults aged 40 to 60 whose methylation age exceeded their calendar age; National University of Singapore. Primary data collection finished in August 2025; no results have been posted or published, and the registry gives January 2027 for completion.
Measuring: change in DNA methylation age (primary). Results expected: January 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Running, recruitment closed. The primary outcome was due August 2025 and no results are posted yet.
What a result would change: A methylation clock is a marker, not an established stand-in for a clinical outcome, so a positive result could move this entry from D to C and no higher.
The current letter rests on: PMID 32877690 PMID 34847066 PMID 17896582
Randomized, quadruple-blind; benfotiamine 300 mg a day against a vitamin B1, B6 and B12 combination for 12 weeks in 66 adults with diabetic neuropathy; Thammasat University, Thailand, with a pharmaceutical company as collaborator.
Measuring: neuropathy symptom score (NTSS-6) at 12 weeks (primary). Results expected: June 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: A short trial against another vitamin product, not placebo, on a symptom score. It would not address the longer trials that found no change in nerve function, so it would not move the letter.
The current letter rests on: PMID 41571333 PMID 23701274 PMID 15726875
Phase 1/2, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled; annatto-derived GG at 150 or 300 mg a day against olive oil for 3 months in 95 adults aged 40 and over with statin-associated muscle symptoms; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center.
Measuring: statin muscle symptom score (SAMS-CI) and pain inventory at 3 months (primary). Results expected: June 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: The first registered trial of the claim this record is graded on. A positive result could move it from D to C; the muscle symptom score is self-reported, which caps the use at B.
The current letter rests on: PMID 31491372 PMID 29951166 PMID 42323079
Phase 2, randomized, quadruple-blind, placebo-controlled; 200 or 300 mg C15:0 daily for 12 weeks in 93 adults aged 55 and over; industry-sponsored.
Measuring: red blood cell distribution width (primary), with predicted biological age. Results expected: June 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Not yet recruiting.
What a result would change: Both measures are markers, not clinical outcomes, and the trial is industry-sponsored. One positive trial on a marker would support C at most.
The current letter rests on: PMID 38035997 PMID 39069269
Phase 1, randomized, quadruple-blind, saline-controlled; daily BPC-157 injections for 90 days after rotator cuff repair surgery in 30 adults; University of Arkansas.
Measuring: shoulder strength at 12 weeks and 5 months (primary). Results expected: August 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Not yet recruiting.
What a result would change: This would be the first published randomized trial of BPC-157 in people. A positive result could move it from D to C for this use.
The current letter rests on: PMID 40756949 PMID 40789979 PMID 41966639
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled; liposomal glutathione 500 mg daily for 8 weeks in 120 adults with a poor diet or regular alcohol intake; run by a contract research organization for a supplement company.
Measuring: blood glutathione levels and liver enzymes at 8 weeks, with fatigue, sleep and stress questionnaires. Results expected: September 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Not yet recruiting.
What a result would change: The trial tests an oral liposomal glutathione liquid. A blood glutathione level shows absorption and qualifies for nothing above C, liver enzymes are markers, and the fatigue, sleep and stress questionnaires are self-reported, so a positive result would not move this C.
The current letter rests on: PMID 24791752 PMID 21875351 PMID 33740389
Randomized, quadruple-blind, placebo-controlled crossover A trial design in which each participant receives both the treatment and the comparison, one after the other, and serves as their own control.; Akkermansia muciniphila together with berberine for 3 months in 200 night-shift workers; Shift2Health project, Austria and Denmark.
Measuring: insulin resistance by HOMA-IR (primary). Results expected: October 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: Akkermansia is given together with berberine, so a positive result could not be credited to Akkermansia alone and would not move this letter.
The current letter rests on: PMID 31263284 PMID 39879980 PMID 32675291
Randomized, quadruple-blind, placebo-controlled; 2 g of choline a day during pregnancy in 288 women who drink heavily in pregnancy; Wayne State University with the University of Cape Town.
Measuring: infant recognition memory at 12 months, with infant growth (primary). Results expected: October 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: A placebo-controlled trial with a blinded child memory test, in pregnancies with alcohol exposure. A positive result would support C for that group; the general prenatal use would not change.
The current letter rests on: PMID 29217669 PMID 34962672 PMID 23134891
Randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled; 500 mg or 1,000 mg urolithin A daily for 6 months in 120 adults aged 40 to 65 with a BMI of 25 to 34.9, low physical activity and low aerobic fitness (VO2 peak under 35 mL/kg/min); sponsored by the company that makes the urolithin A product tested.
Measuring: maximum isokinetic knee flexion strength at 6 months (primary). Results expected: October 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: A positive result on this preregistered primary would be one industry-sponsored positive trial, which the site's replication The same finding reproduced by a separate research group. A result seen once can be chance or bias; a replicated one is harder to explain away. rule weighs when the same sponsor funds the evidence.
The current letter rests on: PMID 32694802 PMID 35584623 PMID 35050355
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three arms; urolithin A 500 mg or 1,000 mg daily or placebo for 6 months in 120 adults aged 40 to 65 with a BMI of 25 to 34.9, low physical activity and low aerobic fitness; funded by the company that makes the branded urolithin A product.
Measuring: knee flexion strength measured on a dynamometer at 6 months (primary). Results expected: October 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: Knee strength measured on a dynamometer is an objective function, but this trial enrolls adults aged 40 to 65 with a BMI of 25 to 34.9 and low fitness for 6 months, not the older adults with measured decline, the gait speed or chair-stand endpoint The outcome a trial measures to decide whether the treatment worked, such as heart attacks, blood pressure or a symptom score., or the 12 months this record asks for, and it is funded by the maker. A positive result would not move this C.
The current letter rests on: PMID 32694802 PMID 35584623 PMID 35050355
Pilot, randomized, quadruple-blind, placebo-controlled; a C8 ketone diester rising to 50 g a day over 20 weeks against canola oil in 180 adults aged 65 and over at risk of losing strength and mobility; Buck Institute.
Measuring: frailty composite score at 12 and 20 weeks (primary). Results expected: December 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: A functional outcome for a use this record does not yet grade. One positive pilot trial would support C for frailty.
The current letter rests on: PMID 35380602 PMID 38483543 PMID 33367782
NADage: randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled; 1,000 mg nicotinamide riboside twice daily for 1 year in 100 adults aged 75 and over with frailty; Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
Measuring: change in gait speed at 52 weeks (primary). Results expected: December 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: Gait speed is a functional outcome. One positive trial would support C for frailty, a use this record does not yet grade.
The current letter rests on: PMID 27721479 PMID 27725675 PMID 29184669
Phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover; reishi extract for 4 weeks in 80 women with breast cancer taking aromatase inhibitors; Mayo Clinic.
Measuring: change in fatigue scores (primary). Results expected: May 2029.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: Fatigue is self-reported, which caps any use at B. One positive trial would support C for this use, which the record does not yet grade.
The current letter rests on: PMID 27045603 PMID 25686270 PMID 27511742
Phase 2, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled; 1 g calcium AKG daily for 24 weeks in 60 adults aged 55 and over; University of Oklahoma with National Institute on Aging funding, and a longevity company as a collaborator.
Measuring: neurogliovascular coupling measured by fNIRS and EEG (primary). Results expected: August 2029.
Registry status, October 2026: Not yet recruiting.
What a result would change: A brain imaging measure, not a clinical outcome, so a positive result could move this entry from D to C and no higher.
The current letter rests on: PMID 32877690 PMID 34847066 PMID 17896582
Randomized, quadruple-blind, placebo-controlled; trace-dose lithium for 5 years in 250 adults aged 55 to 75 with bipolar disorder or depression; University of Chile.
Measuring: new mild cognitive impairment over 5 years (primary). Results expected: November 2029.
Registry status, October 2026: Not yet recruiting.
What a result would change: A prevention trial in people with mood disorders, not in people who already have mild cognitive impairment. A positive result would support C for prevention in that group; the graded use would not change.
The current letter rests on: PMID 28832877 PMID 29103043 PMID 1699579
NICE-PAD II: phase 3, randomized, quadruple-blind, placebo-controlled; nicotinamide riboside for 6 months in 250 adults aged 50 and over with peripheral artery disease; Northwestern University with National Institute on Aging funding.
Measuring: six-minute walk distance at 6 months (primary). Results expected: December 2030.
Registry status, October 2026: Not yet recruiting.
What a result would change: This is the follow-up to NICE, the one positive trial behind the walking use, from the same lead institution. A positive result would be the second trial on this endpoint, the condition for moving that use from C toward B, weighed under the site's rule on same-group replication.
The current letter rests on: PMID 27721479 PMID 27725675 PMID 29184669
Phase 2, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled; fisetin in 136 adults aged 65 and over; University of Colorado Boulder with National Institute on Aging funding.
Measuring: change in endothelial function at 3 months (primary). Results expected: March 2031.
Registry status, October 2026: Not yet recruiting.
What a result would change: Endothelial function is a marker, not a clinical outcome, so a positive result could move this record from D to C and no higher.
The current letter rests on: PMID 30279143 PMID 33802381 PMID 29541713
COLO-PREVENT resveratrol sub-trial: phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled; resveratrol 5 mg or 1 g daily or placebo for 1 year in people with high-risk findings in the national bowel cancer screening program in the United Kingdom; funded by Cancer Research UK.
Measuring: number of bowel polyps at the 1-year colonoscopy (primary). Results expected: May 2031.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: Polyp number is a precancer measure, closer to a clinical outcome than the metabolic markers this C rests on, but not a clinical event itself. A positive result would be a first trial on a new use, not a change to the graded rows.
The current letter rests on: PMID 22055504 PMID 23193181 PMID 23102619
Protocols (7)
Randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled; near-infrared light to the knee, lower back and nerve sites in 30 adults aged 50 and over with knee osteoarthritis and knee pain for at least 3 months; University of Florida.
Measuring: knee pain intensity after about 3 to 4 weeks (primary). Results expected: September 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Not yet recruiting.
What a result would change: A small sham-controlled trial on self-reported pain, which caps the use at B. A positive result would add to small trials without settling the disagreeing meta-analyses A study that pools the numbers from several trials into one combined estimate..
The current letter rests on: PMID 28748217 PMID 24286286 PMID 17566756
Randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 by 2 factorial; weight-based creatine monohydrate (0.10 g per kg a day) with or without resistance training for 26 weeks in 140 adults aged 60 and over with mild cognitive impairment; Western University, Canada.
Measuring: working memory and reaction time on the Corsi block task (primary). Results expected: December 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: An objective memory test in older adults. A positive result would add a trial in mild cognitive impairment, a related but narrower group than the one this C covers.
The current letter rests on: PMID 35984306 PMID 36644917 PMID 36644912
CORAL: phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled; coenzyme Q10 in 950 adults with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction recruited through about 75 family practices in England; funded by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research.
Measuring: heart failure quality of life on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire at 12 months (primary). Results expected: May 2028.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: An independent placebo-controlled trial more than twice the size of Q-SYMBIO, but its primary outcome is quality of life, not heart events or death. A positive result would not supply the event trial this record is waiting for.
The current letter rests on: PMID 25282031 PMID 39462324 PMID 8241697
DANUTRIO-HF: phase 3, randomized, quadruple-blind, placebo-controlled, factorial; CoQ10 100 mg twice daily, and separately selenium, in 4,044 adults with heart failure; Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Denmark, with an industry collaborator.
Measuring: time to heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death (primary). Results expected: December 2028.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: A large trial in heart failure, independent of the original trial group but with an industry collaborator, while the evidence this record needs calls for a trial run independently of makers. Its primary endpoint The one outcome a trial names in advance as its main test. Results on other outcomes carry less weight. is heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death; major adverse cardiovascular events, the endpoint this record is graded on, are listed only as an other outcome, and the dose is 100 mg twice daily rather than the 300 mg a day this protocol is named for. A positive result would bear on CoQ10 in heart failure without by itself replicating this protocol's dose or graded endpoint.
The current letter rests on: PMID 25282031 PMID 39462324 PMID 8241697
Randomized, open-label; two doses of the recombinant zoster vaccine or no vaccination in 168,460 adults aged 65 and older in Denmark; academic sponsor.
Measuring: hospitalization for major cardiovascular events at about 1 year and new dementia at about 3 years (both primary). Results expected: June 2029.
Registry status, October 2026: Running, recruitment closed.
What a result would change: Large and independent of the maker, but unblinded against no vaccination, with dementia from registry diagnoses.
The current letter rests on: PMID 40175543 PMID 40267506 PMID 41579903
Randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled; two doses of the recombinant zoster vaccine or placebo in about 33,609 adults aged 76 and older in Finland; sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline, the maker.
Measuring: new dementia diagnosis (primary). Results expected: April 2030.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: A placebo-controlled trial with dementia as its primary outcome. A positive result would be the first randomized evidence on this use; replication by a second group would still be needed for more than C.
The current letter rests on: PMID 40175543 PMID 40267506 PMID 41579903
H4D-SELEQT-HF: randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled; selenium plus CoQ10 together in 1,100 adults with heart failure; Netherlands Heart Institute, with a supplement manufacturer as collaborator.
Measuring: repeated heart failure hospitalizations, urgent visits and cardiovascular death (primary). Results expected: December 2030.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: CoQ10 is given together with selenium, so a positive result could not be credited to CoQ10 alone and would not move this letter by itself.
The current letter rests on: PMID 25282031 PMID 39462324 PMID 8241697
Devices and procedures (10)
Randomized, quadruple-blind, sham-controlled pilot; 8 weeks of home transcranial near-infrared light pulsed at 40 Hz, 20 minutes a day, 6 days a week, in 60 adults aged 50 and over with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease; Unity Health Toronto.
Measuring: change in cognition (primary). Results expected: August 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: A positive result would be one small sham-controlled trial on cognition, consistent with C. B would need a larger trial that confirms it.
The current letter rests on: PMID 37843594
Randomized, triple-blind, split-scalp; fractional laser with an exosome product on one side and saline on the other in 30 men with male-pattern hair loss; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, with an exosome company as collaborator.
Measuring: change in hair density at day 84 (primary). Results expected: September 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: The registry describes a human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosome solution, the product class this record grades D for hair because no randomized trial has tested it. A positive result would be a first randomized trial and could move that hair row from D to C for the form tested, applied after fractional laser; the facial skin use graded here would not change.
The current letter rests on: PMID 37377400 PMID 42403177 PMID 42635327
Randomized, open-label; 15-minute sauna sessions at 60 degrees C, five times a week for 3 weeks during cardiac rehabilitation, against usual cardiac rehabilitation, in 46 adults with heart failure with reduced or moderately reduced ejection fraction; Central Hospital, Nancy, France.
Measuring: change in NT-proBNP over 3 weeks (primary). Results expected: September 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: NT-proBNP is a marker, and the one multicenter trial behind this C missed a similar marker. A small open-label positive result would not move the letter.
The current letter rests on: PMID 27001189 PMID 15090706 PMID 34954348
Randomized, triple-blind, sham-controlled; 4 weeks of multisensory 40Hz light and sound stimulation in 60 adults aged 45 to 75 with Alzheimer's disease; Beijing Tiantan Hospital.
Measuring: ADAS-Cog cognition score (primary). Results expected: October 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Not yet recruiting.
What a result would change: Cognition is the outcome the pooled trials found null. A positive independent result would be the first on cognition and could support C for it; B would need a trial that confirms it.
The current letter rests on: PMID 41381439 PMID 38515445 PMID 38073386
Randomized, open-label; whole-body vibration training 3 times a week for 24 weeks against health education in 120 adults aged 65 and over with low muscle strength and abdominal obesity; Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Taiwan.
Measuring: bone density by DXA at 8 months, with blood tests and quality of life (primary). Results expected: October 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Not yet recruiting.
What a result would change: Bone density is objective, but this trial is unblinded and smaller than the two null trials behind this C. A positive result would not move the letter on its own.
The current letter rests on: PMID 22084333 PMID 25581217 PMID 29289937
HOME: randomized, two parallel groups, no sham A fake version of a procedure or device used as the comparison, so participants cannot tell which one they received.; 36 home tDCS sessions over 10 weeks added to usual care, against usual care alone, in 438 adults with major depression at UK National Health Service sites; university-sponsored.
Measuring: clinician-rated depression on the Montgomery-Asberg scale at 10 weeks (primary). Results expected: November 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: A large trial of the home-based use graded here, on a clinician-rated scale. With no sham arm, a positive result could not separate the stimulation from the expectation of treatment, so on its own it would not raise this C.
The current letter rests on: PMID 42435147 PMID 41498282 PMID 23389323
Randomized, open-label, with a no-treatment control; steam from boiled peppermint leaves twice daily plus sinus self-massage, added to usual medicines, in 108 adults aged 65 to 80 with chronic sinusitis; Assiut University.
Measuring: a sinusitis symptom scale and a pain score at 3 months (primary). Results expected: December 2027.
Registry status, October 2026: Not yet recruiting.
What a result would change: Unblinded, with no sham comparison, and steam is combined with massage and peppermint, so a positive result could not be credited to steam alone. It would not move the D for chronic sinus symptoms.
The current letter rests on: PMID 28849871 PMID 27431306 PMID 22781995
Randomized, with group allocation masked only until the end of the baseline period; a program to add 2 hours a night in bed, against general health information, in 70 adults aged 18 to 45 with overweight or obesity who habitually sleep under 6.5 hours a night; University of Utah.
Measuring: insulin sensitivity and plasma ceramides (primary). Results expected: January 2028.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: Insulin sensitivity is the marker the best-measured trial found unchanged. A positive result would be one more small trial on a marker, consistent with C.
The current letter rests on: PMID 34279625 PMID 41564347 PMID 34459060
Phase 2, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled; 30 home sessions of tDCS paired with a guided meditation track in 170 adults with multiple sclerosis and depression; NYU Langone Health.
Measuring: depression on the Hamilton scale at 8 weeks and 3 months (primary). Results expected: January 2028.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: A blinded clinician-rated outcome, in depression with multiple sclerosis rather than major depression alone. A positive result would add a trial in a related group but would not settle the conflict between the pooled trials and the null multicenter trials behind this C.
The current letter rests on: PMID 42435147 PMID 41498282 PMID 23389323
Vanguard Study: randomized; two multi-cancer blood tests against a blood draw with no test result, in 24,000 adults aged 45 to 75; National Cancer Institute.
Measuring: feasibility of enrollment, follow-up and blood collection (primary). Results expected: January 2029.
Registry status, October 2026: Recruiting.
What a result would change: A feasibility study for a possible larger trial on cancer deaths. Its results would not move the letter; they inform whether that larger trial goes ahead.
The current letter rests on: PMID 42776074 PMID 42773209 PMID 39898371
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