Goal: hearing and vision
Evidence by Goal: Hearing and Vision
Every graded record measured on hearing, eyesight or the eye, including the ones that failed. A letter here describes the human trial evidence for that use; it is not advice.
13 graded uses, grouped by what the trials measured, highest letter first within each group. Every letter is copied at build time from the record that owns it, and records graded D, tested without benefit or not yet tested, are listed with the rest.
Measured on deaths and disease events
Trials that counted deaths, heart attacks, strokes, fractures, falls, cancers or other clinical events.
- CSelf-reportProtocol · Randomized trials and Cochrane reviews of falls interventions (falls counted as events) and of cataract surgery against waiting; population studies on dementia, crashes and mortality are listed as excluded evidence and carry no letterGrade for: Falls, expedited first-eye cataract surgery in women over 70
- DSelf-report · Tested, no benefitProtocol · Randomized trials and Cochrane reviews of falls interventions (falls counted as events) and of cataract surgery against waiting; population studies on dementia, crashes and mortality are listed as excluded evidence and carry no letterGrade for: Falls, expedited second-eye cataract surgery in women over 70
- DSelf-report · Tested, harm foundProtocol · Randomized trials and Cochrane reviews of falls interventions (falls counted as events) and of cataract surgery against waiting; population studies on dementia, crashes and mortality are listed as excluded evidence and carry no letterGrade for: Falls, eye examination with treatment of vision problems in frail older people
Measured on function, or by a blinded clinician
Trials that measured performance with an instrument, or used a scale scored by a clinician who did not know the treatment.
- BMeasured functionProtocol · Randomized trials and Cochrane reviews of falls interventions (falls counted as events) and of cataract surgery against waiting; population studies on dementia, crashes and mortality are listed as excluded evidence and carry no letterGrade for: Measured eyesight, cataract surgery against waiting
- CBlinded clinician rating
- CMeasured functionProtocol · Randomized trials: one large multicenter trial with a prespecified subgroup analysis, one small trial in Alzheimer's diseaseGrade for: Cognitive decline over 3 years in older adults with hearing loss at higher risk of decline
- CMeasured functionDevice or therapy · Randomized trials of hearing aids against placebo An inactive substitute made to look like the real treatment, so participants cannot tell which one they received. hearing aids, a waiting list, no hearing aid or health education, and their Cochrane meta-analysisGrade for: Speech understanding measured in a listening test, adults aged 55 to 79 with mild to moderate hearing loss
- DMeasured function · Tested, no benefitProtocol · Randomized trials: one large multicenter trial with a prespecified subgroup analysis, one small trial in Alzheimer's diseaseGrade for: Cognitive decline over 3 years in adults aged 70 to 84 with untreated hearing loss, overall
- DMeasured function · Tested, no benefitProtocol · Randomized trials: one large multicenter trial with a prespecified subgroup analysis, one small trial in Alzheimer's diseaseGrade for: Cognition in people with Alzheimer's disease and hearing loss
- DMeasured function · Tested, no benefitProtocol · Randomized trials and Cochrane reviews of falls interventions (falls counted as events) and of cataract surgery against waiting; population studies on dementia, crashes and mortality are listed as excluded evidence and carry no letterGrade for: Cognitive test scores, cataract surgery in cognitively normal older adults
- DMeasured function · Tested, no benefitProtocol · Randomized trials and Cochrane reviews of falls interventions (falls counted as events) and of cataract surgery against waiting; population studies on dementia, crashes and mortality are listed as excluded evidence and carry no letterGrade for: Eyesight, community vision screening of people aged 65 and older
Measured on what people reported
Trials that asked people how they felt or slept. These letters stop at B.
- BSelf-reportDevice or therapy · Randomized trials of hearing aids against placebo hearing aids, a waiting list, no hearing aid or health education, and their Cochrane meta-analysisGrade for: Self-rated hearing-related quality of life and everyday communication, adults with mild to moderate hearing loss
- CSelf-reportSupplement · Meta-analyses of randomized trials and randomized trialsGrade for: Screen-related eye strain in children
Related pages