Taurine

Singh et al. (Science, 2023; PMID 37289866): taurine supplementation extended lifespan in worms and mice. It did not extend lifespan in monkeys: the monkey arm gave 250 mg/kg/day for six months and measured healthspan and biomarker outcomes only, with survival never assessed. The human data in that paper is observational (EPIC-Norfolk, roughly 11,966 people) plus an acute exercise experiment. The authors' own conclusion is that clinical trials in humans seem warranted. Yamori et al. (2009; PMID 19239132) and Wójcik et al. (2013; PMID 22322924) are observational associations in humans. Balshaw et al. (Amino Acids, 2013; PMID 22855206) is a randomized crossover trial of a single acute dose on 3-km running performance in trained middle-distance runners. A different question in a different population. Moludi et al. (Nutr Metab (Lond), 2022; PMID 35870947) is an 8-week randomized trial in type 2 diabetes that missed its fasting-glucose primary endpoint, while the endothelial and inflammatory markers named alongside it did improve. Surrogate markers, both arms on a low-calorie diet, and not an aging outcome; the marker result has since been replicated by independent groups (below), the glycemic result has not been consistently. The aging claim is D on Route 1: no human randomized trial of taurine supplementation on an aging outcome. Fernandez et al. (Science, 2025; PMID 40472098): circulating taurine increased or stayed unchanged with age in three geographically separate human cohorts, nonhuman primates and mice, longitudinally and cross-sectionally, so the idea that taurine falls with age and that the fall drives aging did not replicate. Observational biomarker work; it carries no grade and does not change the D. Maleki et al. (Amino Acids, 2020; PMID 32472292) and Esmaeili et al. (Can J Diabetes, 2021; PMID 32861603): 8-week randomized trials of 3 g/day in type 2 diabetes from Tabriz, glycemic indices improved. Maleki et al. (Diabetol Metab Syndr, 2020; PMID 32015761): oxidative stress and inflammatory markers improved. Li et al. (iScience, 2025; PMID 40546935): 165 adults with type 2 diabetes in Chongqing, 2.4 g/day for 12 weeks, blood pressure and endothelial function improved. Tzang et al. (Nutr Diabetes, 2024; PMID 38755142) and Nie et al. (Nutr Rev, 2026; PMID 41275513): pooled analyses of taurine on cardiometabolic markers. The aging claim has been checked against the trial literature: Van Stijn et al. (Int J Mol Sci, 2015; PMID 26035756) gave taurine for about a week around hip fracture surgery in older patients and found no effect on in-hospital morbidity or on mortality over the following year, with lower oxidative stress markers; a short perioperative course in a surgical population, it does not test supplementation for aging. Abud et al. (Nutrition, 2022; PMID 35700594): 24 women aged 55 to 70, 1.5 g/day for 16 weeks, oxidative stress markers only. Chupel et al. (Amino Acids, 2021; PMID 33586039): 48 women in their eighties, taurine 1.5 g/day with or without exercise for 14 weeks, inflammatory markers, cognition and fitness; the fitness gains tracked the exercise arms. Marcangeli et al. (Aging Cell, 2025; PMID 41061678): no association between circulating taurine and age, muscle mass, strength or physical performance in 137 men aged 20 to 93, observational, the other side of the taurine-decline premise. For the exercise use, Waldron et al. (Sports Med, 2018; PMID 29546641) pooled 10 studies of oral taurine on endurance performance (Hedges' g 0.40), and Deng et al. (Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2025; PMID 40852891) pooled 23 randomized trials of a single dose (g 0.25, low to very low certainty, no dose-response within 1 to 6 g).